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Rachel Bluwstein Sela (September 20 (Julian calendar), 1890 – April 16, 1931) was a Hebrew poet who immigrated to Palestine in 1909. She is known by her first name, Rachel, ((ヘブライ語:רחל)) or as Rachel the Poetess ((ヘブライ語:רחל המשוררת)). ==Biography== Rachel was born in Saratov〔She was born in Saratov according to Encyclopaedia Hebraica and the book "Rachel" (ed. Uri Milshtein, 1993.) According to (Biography and bibliography from the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature ), she was born in Vyatka (later renamed Kirov).〕 in Imperial Russia on September 20, 1890, the eleventh daughter of Isser-Leib and Sophia Bluwstein, and granddaughter of the rabbi of the Jewish community in Kiev. During her childhood, her family moved to Poltava, Ukraine, where she attended a Russian-speaking Jewish school and, later, a secular high school. She began writing poetry at the age of 15. When she was 17, she moved to Kiev and began studying painting.〔Grishaver, Joel L., and Barkin, Josh. ''Artzeinu: An Israel Encounter''. Los Angeles: Torah Aura Productions, 2008. 99. ''Google Books''. Web. October 25, 2011.〕 At the age of 19, Rachel visited Palestine with her sister en route to Italy, where they were planning to study art and philosophy. They decided to stay on as Zionist pioneers, learning Hebrew by listening to children’s chatter in kindergartens.〔Band, Ora. ''Modern Hebrew Prose and Poetry''. West Orange, NJ: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2003. 826. ''ebook3600''. PDF file.〕 They settled in Rehovot and worked in the orchards. Later, Rachel moved to Kvutzat Kinneret on the shores of the Sea of Galilee, where she studied and worked in a women's agricultural school.〔 At Kinneret, she met Zionist leader A. D. Gordon who was to be a great influence on her life, and to whom she dedicated her first Hebrew poem. During this time, she also met and had a romantic relationship with Zalman Rubashov—the object of many of her love poems —who later became known as Zalman Shazar and was the third president of Israel. In 1913, on the advice of A.D. Gordon, she journeyed to Toulouse, France to study agronomy and drawing. When World War I broke out, unable to return to Palestine, she returned instead to Russia where she taught Jewish refugee children. In Russia she suffered from poverty and strenuous labour, as well as the reappearance of her childhood lung disease.〔 It may have been at this point in her life that she contracted tuberculosis.〔“Bluwstein, Rachel.” ''Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture''. 2004. ''ebrary''. Web. October 25, 2011.〕 Lonely, ill and famished, she had only one hope left: to return to Palestine. And so in 1919, after the war, she boarded the first ship to leave Russia to Palestine〔 After the end of the war in 1919 she returned to Palestine on board the ship ''Ruslan'' and for a while joined the small agricultural kibbutz Degania, a settlement neighboring her previous home at Kinneret. However, shortly after her arrival she was diagnosed with tuberculosis, then an incurable disease. Now unable to work with children for fear of contagion, she was expelled from Degania and left to fend for herself. In 1925 she lived briefly in a small white house in the courtyard of No. 64 Street of the Prophets in Jerusalem (courtyard of the William Holman Hunt House). She spent the rest of her life traveling and living in Tel Aviv (scarcely making a living by providing private lessons in Hebrew and French)〔 and finally settled in a sanatorium for tuberculosis patients in Gedera.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jewish Women in Pre-state Israel )〕 Rachel died on April 16, 1931 in Tel Aviv, at the age of 40. She is buried in the Kinneret cemetery in a grave overlooking the Sea of Galilee, following her wishes as expressed in her poem ''If Fate Decrees''. Alongside her are buried many of the socialist ideologues and pioneers of the second and third waves of immigration. Naomi Shemer was buried near Rachel, according to Shemer's wish.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rachel Bluwstein」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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